CIPS L4M3技術問題 & L4M3日本語版参考書

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我々のソフトを利用してCIPSのL4M3試験失敗したら全額で返金するという承諾は不自信ではなく、我々のお客様への誠な態度を表わしたいです。我々はあなたに試験に安心させます。それだけでなく、あなたに我々のアフターサービスに安心させます。

CIPS L4M3（CIPSコマーシャル契約）認証試験は、国際的に認識された認定であり、専門家に商業契約に必要な知識とスキルを装備するように設計されています。この認定は、調達およびサプライチェーン管理の分野で主要な専門団体の1つであるチャータードーシュレメントアンドサプライ研究所（CIPS）によって提供されています。 CIPS L4M3認定は、調達または契約管理のバックグラウンドを持ち、商業契約のスキルと知識を向上させようとしている専門家に最適です。

CIPS L4M3 試験は、調達業界で高く評価されている国際的に認められた資格です。契約の管理を担当する個人や調達プロセスに関与する個人を対象として設計されています。そのため、キャリアを発展させ、商業契約に関する知識を高めたい調達専門家にとって理想的です。また、法務、財務、プロジェクト管理など、他の分野で働く個人でも、契約や契約管理に関する理解を深めるために適しています。全体的に、CIPS L4M3 試験は、調達や契約の分野で優れた成果を上げたい個人にとって必須の資格です。

>> CIPS L4M3技術問題 <<

L4M3日本語版参考書、L4M3日本語版サンプル

L4M3参考資料を使用したお客様からいい評価をもらいました。L4M3参考資料は多くの人の絶対いい選択です。L4M3参考資料の難点については、弊社の専門家ガ例を挙げて説明します。そうすれば、わかりやすく、覚えやすいです。弊社の L4M3参考資料は実践に基づいて、専門的な知識の蓄積です。だから、L4M3試験のために、弊社の商品を選ばれば、後悔することがないです。

CIPS Commercial Contracting 認定 L4M3 試験問題 (Q143-Q148):

質問 # 143
Which of the following will be included in a conformance specification?
1. Brand names
2. Description of the operating environments
3. Chemical formulae
4. Required safety level

正解：B

解説：
According to CIPS, there are two main types of specification:
- Conformance specification - is more output driven as it outlines the product details exactly which may include the material, dimensions, tolerances, source, ingredients, packaging, storage of the part or material.
- Performance specification - is more output driven in terms of what the part or material must achieve.
Among the four options, only 2. 'Description of the operating environments' and 3. 'Chemical formulae' are possible components of a conformance specification. Brand names can be a part of a performance specification, according to a document published by CIPS and NIGP.

Reference:
- CIPS study guide page 8-10
- Knowledge Byte - Specification Development
- Principles and Practices of Public Procurement: Specifications
LO 1, AC 1.1


質問 # 144
Blakenall District Hospital (BDH) is a large hospital that is a major part of the government's health service. Purchasing staff are in the habit of placing many long-term contracts with suppliers and sub-contractors. Whilst these contracts are usually carried out successfully, prices are often paid that are well over budget. The purchasing manager is concerned to find that, in some cases, members of staff are forcing suppliers to accept fixed price contracts. The policy has caused several problems such as some suppliers refusing to deal with BDH and a few going out of business mid-way through performing a contract with BDH. This is due to fluctuating market prices of materials. The procurement manager suggests supplier to adopt variable pricing arrangement with price index. Is this a right course of action?

正解：B

解説：
Procurement staff in the Hospital is forcing suppliers into fixed price contract. If the costs generally rise, supplier may operate at a loss. This situation can disrupt the relationship, that is the reason why some suppliers refusing to deal with BDH and a few going out of business mid-way.
Alternative methods could be variable pricing arrangement. This method would reimburse the fluctuation of market price. It will also benefit buyer if the market price drops. This type of arrangement should be applied to long-term contracts (i.e. 18 months or more).
Reference:
LO 3, AC 3.3


質問 # 145
Which of the following is likely to reduce risks of different rules regarding when offers and acceptance become effective between legal systems?

正解：B

解説：
Regarding rule of offer and acceptance, there are some differences among legal system around the world. For example, mailbox rule is generally applied in common law countries such as UK, US, Australia,.. while it is ignored in civil law countries. To clarify on rule of offer and acceptance in international trade, offerors may use expressed terms in their offers. These terms known as deemed receipt protocol.
Reference:
LO 1, AC 1.2


質問 # 146
A buyer is in the process of supporting colleagues internally in the drafting of a specification for a new product. They have limited personal knowledge of the product and of the market. They are at the very early stages of drafting the specification and are seeking to increase their knowledge, whilst at the same time, keeping their likely future needs a commercial secret at this stage. Which of the following would be the best method of achieving this?

正解：C

解説：
In the early stages of procurement planning, informal methods like networking at trade events are effective for gaining insights without disclosing sensitive procurement intentions. It allows the buyer to explore the market, understand new technologies or suppliers, and develop informed specifications while preserving confidentiality.
Reference:
CIPS L4M3 Commercial Contracting Study Guide, Chapter 2, Section 2.1.1 - Benefits and risks of early market engagement.


質問 # 147
Which of the following are examples of conformance specification? Select TWO that apply:

正解：A、D

解説：
There are two main types of specification: performance specification and conformance specification (sometimes called prescriptive or technical specifications).
A conformance specification establishes the characteristics a commodity must possess, including details of how the commodity will be manufactured; engineering plans, drawings, or blueprints may be included. The design specification states in prescriptive terms what the potential offeror must provide to the buyer.
Conformance specifications have following features:
- Focus on inputs
- Give specific method, processes and materials
- May identify specific manufacturers or components
- The 'how' as well as the 'what'
- Ties supplier to set details
Reference:
- Public Procurement Practice: SPECIFICATIONS
- CIPS study guide page 8-10
LO 1, AC 1.1


質問 # 148
......

L4M3模擬テストに関する限り、PDFバージョンは次の2つの側面に関して非常に便利です。一方、PDFバージョンには、L4M3テストトレントの全バージョンから選択された質問の一部が含まれているデモが含まれています。このようにして、実際の準備試験の一般的な理解を得ることができます。これは、適切な試験ファイルの選択に役立つはずです。一方、L4M3準備資料を印刷して、論文とPDF版で試験の勉強をすることができます。このようなメリットがあるので、試してみませんか？

L4M3日本語版参考書: https://www.jpexam.com/L4M3_exam.html

無料でクラウドストレージから最新のJpexam L4M3 PDFダンプをダウンロードする：https://drive.google.com/open?id=1Us5taNzsWjuLBZ82VmbNMrCEtirs0Zcs

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